Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults, characterized by difficulties in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. ADHD is usually thought of as hyperactivity, though not everyone with ADHD is hyperactive. The condition is typically divided into three subtypes based on the predominant symptoms – inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined. Review the symptoms below.
Here’s an overview of the three main types of ADHD:
ADHD – Predominantly Inattentive Type
Often referred to as “Inattentive ADHD” or simply ADD (though ADD is no longer a clinical term), people with this type struggle with focusing, paying attention, and following through on tasks. Individuals with this type may not display hyperactive behavior, which can sometimes lead to it being overlooked or misdiagnosed, especially in girls and adults. Those with inattentive ADHD may seem “dreamy” or forgetful. Those with this type may often be labeled as lazy or disorganized.
Key symptoms of Inattentive ADHD include:
- Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play
- Frequently making careless mistakes
- Seeming to not listen when spoken to
- Struggling with organization and time management
- Easily distracted by external stimuli or unrelated thoughts
- Forgetfulness in daily activities (e.g., losing things often)
ADHD – Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type
This subtype shows hyperactivity. People with this type are often seen as disruptive or impatient, especially in structured environments like classrooms or workplaces. Their impulsivity can lead to poor decision-making or risky behaviors.
Key symptoms of Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD include:
- Fidgeting, squirming, or inability to stay seated
- Running or climbing in inappropriate situations
- Constantly feeling “on the go” or restless
- Excessive talking, often interrupting others
- Difficulty waiting for their turn
- Acting impulsively without thinking about the consequences
ADHD – Combined Type
The combined type of ADHD is diagnosed when individuals show significant symptoms of both inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. People with this type can struggle with success in academic settings or structured work environments. This is the most common form of ADHD, especially in children. These individuals struggle with maintaining focus and attention and also physical symptoms of restlessness.
Key symptoms of Combined ADHD include:
- Difficulty staying focused and attentive
- High levels of fidgeting, restlessness, and physical movement
- Frequent careless mistakes in school or work
- Difficulty organizing tasks or completing assignments
- Impulsive decisions or behavior (e.g., interrupting conversations, acting without thinking)
- Easily distracted and forgetful, but also prone to acting out or talking excessively
Diagnosis and Treatment
ADHD symptoms can vary widely from person to person, making accurate diagnosis crucial. Healthcare professionals use a combination of behavioral assessments, questionnaires, and sometimes neuropsychological testing to identify which type of ADHD an individual has.
Treatment approaches are typically multifaceted and can include:
- Medication: Stimulants are often prescribed to help manage symptoms. Non-stimulant medications are also available for those who may not respond well to stimulants.
- Behavioral therapy: This can help individuals learn strategies to manage their symptoms, improve organization, and enhance social skills.
- Lifestyle changes: Regular physical activity, a structured routine, and a healthy diet can also play a role in managing symptoms.
- Supportive interventions: Coaching, academic accommodations, and family support can make a significant difference in helping individuals succeed.
Conclusion
Understanding the different types of ADHD—whether inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined—allows for more personalized approaches to treatment and management. It’s important to recognize that ADHD is not one-size-fits-all, and each individual’s experience with the disorder is unique. With the right support, people can thrive in both personal and professional settings. If you or someone you know shows signs of ADHD, consulting with a healthcare professional can be a crucial first step toward effective treatment.
